themselves or if you have a larger organization, in your hiring managers, in your HR, in your department heads, when you see people struggling with their resilience because you think, we must have picked the wrong people. And yet we've all experienced having a sudden drop in our own resilience. So we know I mean, and I would bet that everyone in the sound of our voices is, in general, resilient. You don't get to be a successful woman without a fair amount of resilience.
Our research has shown, though, that resilience is not a trait. It's influenced by a few traits. What do I mean when I say a trait? I mean something that is fixed over your lifetime. Your eye color is a great simple example of a trait. But so is your optimism. In the Harvard happiness study, they showed most people's optimism at age seven pretty equal to their optimism at age 70. And you might think that's weird. It should be affected by what you experience. Turns out no. It fluctuates in adolescence and early adulthood, but in general, it stays pretty pegged over a lifetime.
Resilience does not, and it is not simply a function of what you've gone through. You know that statement, what doesn't kill you makes you stronger? It's shenanigans, actually. If you I won't ask you who, I promise, but I bet you can both think of an adult you know pretty well that no matter how many hard things they go through, it never gets easier. Right? And if if what didn't kill you always made you stronger, we wouldn't know adults who weren't always resilient because we've all gone through stuff.
So what we found is it's a little bit your experiences, more the work that you're doing in GoBundance. How do you frame those experience? What's your narrative around them? What can you learn from them and move forward from them? But that's about your past experience. There's a few traits, your optimism, your sense of humor, your faith in something bigger than yourself, or your commitment to your purpose. I know you had somebody on speaking recently on a podcast about soul purpose and connection. That makes a difference.
But, really, to answer your question, Kelly, resilience is eight skills. And I love skills because you can teach and learn and always brush up skills. And so you asked me if a leader is sitting in, gosh, maybe I'm past the if. I'm making this change or this change has come to us as a company. How are we gonna handle it? Then the strategy you wanna use is, well, what's our goal? And there is a skill to deciding on a goal in face of change the change you hate. We're all really good at goal setting in the face of change we want, the change we're happy about. We're I mean, we're hell on to do lists. Yes?
But when I found out that my mom was dying, and and she was dying. Like, there was not western, not eastern, not any kind of medicine that was gonna change this. She put herself on hospice for the right reasons, and I hated that. And I didn't want a goal because my goal was that she would not die. To be resilient in the face of that change, I still eventually had to come up with a goal. Who did I mean to be in the face of this?
Yeah. And so, Mandy, to answer your question, what can we do in our companies after we've accepted okay. We hired for resilience skills, but resilience goes up and down. It's like health. I hired people who seemed healthy, but they can get sick. Okay. I feel personally betrayed when they're out for a sick day, but I'm gonna get over myself and recognize that it's nobody's fault. Yes? So how can I help my team be more healthy? You we've been asking that question for the last ten years. What can we do for wellness? That's great. This is different. What can I do to build the resilience of my team?
Two things. One, you can do preventive stuff. A lot of that wellness that we'd like, oh, we wanna give people mindfulness skills, and we wanna slow them down a little. We wanna make sure they take their PTO. We're even gonna take hours so we can model that. That's the preventive stuff. And on the resilient side, there's a lot you can do to build these eight skills in each person and encourage them to build them in themselves. They all have some of them and some of each of them, but you can make them stronger.
But in the moment where their resilience is failing them, there are five strategies that we've been able to show with our research, reliably help other people navigate change more competently. Not make them like it more, not make them happier. You can't do that, but more competently. And I wanna actually, if it's okay, in the time we have, talk about the one that is the hardest that women don't think we're allowed to admit is hard, and that's expressing empathy.
We really believe that if we are decent, nice human beings, good women, expressing empathy should come easily to us. And so when we struggle to do it, we hide that. We feel shame about that. But expressing empathy is incredibly difficult, and there are seven cognitive barriers to expressing it. None of them is whether or not you're nice.
The biggest barrier that women leaders feel towards expressing empathy there's actually there's, like, four that come in very close to first, like, statistically significantly pretty much the same. One is we feel responsible for the thing the person is mad about or upset about, and so it feels somehow disingenuous to express empathy. One is we disagree with the behavior or the attitude or the action that came out of the emotion. And you Mandy, I'm a take this back because we both have teenage boys. When he's done something really not okay because of an emotion that we can absolutely recognize, you can see why we feel like, well, if I express empathy for that emotion, he's gonna take that that low key. It's okay that he hit that guy. Right? Mhmm. And and that's that's a cognitive barrier. I don't wanna express empathy because I think he's gonna take that as an endorsement of the bad behavior or the bad decision. It's not true, but these are the barriers our brain tells us. Another is that we disagree with the emotion the person's having. Like, they're they feel ashamed. We're like, you should be proud. You did a great job, which seems nice, but isn't empathy.
Those three, there's an easy hack, which is empathy and consequences. Not but and. So I have empathy for your emotion, and this thing I said is still the case, you know, if I caused the problem. Right? And we still don't allow unlimited PTO. Empathy and consequences. I totally have empathy for the frustration you are feeling, and we don't hit people. And and there are consequences for that. Right? I totally have empathy for the fact that you feel like that presentation went terribly, and we got the account. So Right. A win is a win.
And the last one that's really hard for leaders is when somebody does something that impacts us greatly. They hurt the reputation of the company we strove to build, and we think, how can I express empathy? I am doing cleanup. I'm angry. I'm hurt. And in this case, I wanna say empathy may not be available to you in that moment. There are four other strategies. That's okay.